Engineering & Trade Calculators
Professional trade calculators for wire gauges, bolt torque limits, pipe dimensions, pressure ratings, and steel beam/plate weight estimations.
AWG Wire to mm²
Convert American Wire Gauge (AWG) wire sizes to cross-sectional area in square millimeters (mm²).
mm² to AWG Wire
Convert wire cross-sectional areas from square millimeters (mm²) to American Wire Gauge (AWG).
Torque ft-lb to Nm
Convert torque values between foot-pounds (ft-lb) and Newton-meters (Nm) instantly.
Bolt Torque Specs
Look up tight bolt tension and torque limits for standard steel grade fasteners.
Pipe Size Nom/Actual
Convert nominal pipe sizes (NPS) to actual outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness ratings.
Hardness Converter
Convert metal hardness measurements across Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Shore scales.
Steel Weight Calc
Calculate weight rates per meter for steel bars, sheets, pipes, and beams.
Thread Pitch Metric/UN
Convert thread pitch between metric measurements and imperial Unified (UNC/UNF) threads.
PSI/Bar/kPa Converter
Convert pressure units between PSI, Bar, Kilopascals (kPa), and atmospheres.
Flow gpm to lpm
Convert liquid flow rates between US Gallons Per Minute (GPM) and Liters Per Minute (LPM).
Engineering & Trade FAQs
What is AWG and why is it used?
AWG stands for American Wire Gauge, which is a standardized system for specifying the diameter of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. Larger AWG numbers represent smaller wire diameters, while smaller AWG numbers (including 0, 2/0, etc.) indicate thicker wire.
How do I convert foot-pounds (ft-lb) to Newton-meters (Nm)?
To convert foot-pounds to Newton-meters, multiply the torque value by 1.355818. To convert Newton-meters to foot-pounds, multiply the torque value by 0.737562.
Why does the actual diameter of a pipe differ from its nominal size?
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a set of standard sizes for high or low pressure and temperatures. For pipes smaller than 14 inches, the NPS designation does not match the actual outside diameter; instead, it represents a generic design size. For pipes 14 inches and larger, the NPS is equal to the actual outside diameter.