Scientific & Lab Calculators
Accurate chemical and laboratory calculation utilities for molarity prep, concentration conversions, acid-base pH scaling, and spectrophotometry conversions.
Molarity Calculator
Calculate solution molarity, mass, or volume based on solute molecular weight.
Concentration ppm/mgL
Convert solution concentrations between Parts Per Million (PPM) and Milligrams Per Liter (mg/L).
pH to H+ Concentration
Convert pH values to hydrogen ion concentration [H+] or hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration.
Absorbance/Transmittance
Convert between spectrophotometer absorbance and percent light transmittance.
Osmolality/Osmolarity
Calculate and convert between osmotic concentration scales for clinical chemistry.
Brix to Specific Gravity
Convert sugar concentration Brix ratings to specific gravity (SG) for brewing or fermentation.
ABV to Proof Converter
Convert alcohol concentration by volume (ABV) to standard proof ratings.
Specific Gravity Calc
Calculate specific gravity based on substance density compared to pure water.
Scientific & Lab FAQs
What is molarity and how is it calculated?
Molarity (M) is the concentration of a solute in a solution, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. The formula is Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution, where moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol).
How do you convert pH to hydrogen ion concentration?
pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion activity: pH = -log10[H+]. To find the concentration [H+], use the inverse formula: [H+] = 10^(-pH).
Is ppm (parts per million) the same as mg/L (milligrams per liter)?
For dilute aqueous solutions (where water has a density of approximately 1 g/mL), 1 ppm is equal to 1 mg/L. For denser or lighter solvents, you must divide the mg/L concentration by the solvent's specific gravity to find the correct PPM rating.